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고등학교 1–3학년
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1
A plant cell is placed in a concentrated salt solution. After a few minutes, its cell membrane pulls away from the cell wall. Which process most directly causes this change?
A
Osmosis moves water out of the cell.
B
Active transport moves salt into the vacuole.
C
Facilitated diffusion moves water against its gradient.
D
Endocytosis removes water from the cytoplasm.
2
A student places a red blood cell in distilled water. After several minutes, the cell swells and bursts. Which explanation best accounts for the observation?
A
Water enters the cell because the surrounding solution is hypotonic.
B
Solutes enter the cell and force water out through the membrane.
C
Water leaves the cell because the surrounding solution has fewer solutes.
D
The cell uses ATP to pump excess water into its cytoplasm.
3
Which of the following best describes the role of the cell membrane in maintaining cellular homeostasis?
A
It facilitates the unrestricted movement of all molecules, ensuring equal concentrations inside and outside the cell.
B
It provides structural support and is completely impermeable to all molecules.
C
It acts as a rigid barrier that prevents any substances from entering or leaving the cell.
D
It selectively regulates the movement of substances, allowing the cell to maintain a stable internal environment.
4
Which transport mechanism requires the cell to expend energy in the form of ATP?
A
Facilitated diffusion
B
Diffusion
C
Active transport
D
Osmosis
5
A red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What is the most likely outcome?
A
The cell will remain unchanged because the solution is isotonic.
B
The cell will shrink as water leaves the cell.
C
The cell will actively pump water out to maintain its shape.
D
The cell will swell and potentially burst as water enters.